Mu myaka ya vuba aha, amatara menshi yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba yagiye akoreshwa mu matara yo mu mujyi no mu cyaro. Impamvu amatara yo ku mihanda akoreshwa n'izuba azwi cyane n'isoko ni uko ibyiza byayo bigaragara. Amatara yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba afite ibyiza byinshi nko kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, kubaka no gushyiraho byoroshye, no kumara igihe kirekire. Ibi bintu byiza cyane ni byo bituma agira akamaro mu ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, amatara yo ku mihanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba ashobora kugabanywamo amatara yo ku mihanda ahuza imirasire y'izuba n'amatara yo ku mihanda agabanyijemo imirasire y'izuba. Ihame ry'imikorere y'aya matara yombi yo ku mihanda ni rimwe, yombi akura urumuri rw'izuba binyuze mu mirasire y'izuba akayahinduramo ingufu z'amashanyarazi, zibikwa muri batiri kugira ngo zitange ingufu ku matara yo ku mihanda. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yayo ni imiterere. Hasi tuzibanda ku byiza n'ibibi by'iyi miterere ibiri itandukanye yaamatara yo ku muhanda akoresha ingufu z'izuba.
Bateri, umutwe w'urumuri rwa LED n'agace k'amashanyarazi gatanga urumuri rw'izuba gashyirwa ukwako. Bityo bigomba gushyirwaho inkingi z'urumuri, bateri ipfutse mu butaka. Mu gihe ushyiraho, witondere kudashyira hasi cyane ku nkingi y'urumuri, kandi ntukabihishe mu butaka cyane kugira ngo wirinde kwibwa. Urumuri rw'urumuri rwa solar rushobora koroha cyane mu miterere yarwo kuko ibikoresho bitandukanye, kandi bishobora gutegurwa hakurikijwe ibyo umukoresha akeneye mu matara. Amatara yo ku muhanda afite iyi nyubako ni ingirakamaro cyane mu turere dufite ikirere cy'imvura ndende. Dukurikije ibisabwa n'amatara yo ku muhanda ya LED, paneli z'amashanyarazi na bateri zikwiye zishobora guhindurwa, ibyo bikaba bidatuma amatara yo ku muhanda ya LED aramba gusa, ahubwo binafasha kuyasana no kuyasimbuza kuko bateri n'icyuma gikoresha ubwenge bishyirwa hasi ku nkingi y'urumuri, bikagabanya amafaranga yo kuyasana nyuma.
Itara ryo ku muhanda rihujwe n'izuba rishyira umutwe w'urumuri, panel ya bateri, bateri, na controller mu mutwe umwe w'urumuri, ushobora gushyirwaho inkingi y'urumuri cyangwa agakoresho ko gufata. Nubwo itara ryo ku muhanda rihuzwa n'izuba ryose rihuza ibice byose hamwe kandi rigagabanya umuvuduko w'amaso, rinagabanya imikorere imwe. Kuri panel imwe, uko agace kanini, niko ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi burushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwa bateri nabwo bungana n'ingano. Kubwibyo, ubuso bw'ahakozweamatara yo ku muhanda akoresha ingufu z'izubakandi ingano ya bateri izaba nke, kandi ingufu z'amashanyarazi ishobora guhindura nazo ni nke, bityo ntizikwiriye gushyirwa ahantu hakenewe amatara menshi. Ariko, igishushanyo mbonera n'ishyirwaho ry'urumuri rw'izuba rwa "all-in-one" biroroshye kandi byoroshye. Zigama ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho, kubaka no gukoresha, ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibicuruzwa. Kubungabunga biroroshye cyane, kura gusa umutwe w'urumuri hanyuma wohereze ku ruganda. Ibyiza by'amatara yo ku muhanda yashyizwemo imirasire y'izuba biragaragara. Kubera impamvu z'imiterere, imbaraga z'urubaho n'ubushobozi bwa bateri muri rusange ni bike, kandi igiciro ni gito cyane. Ikindi kandi, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho bateri, inkunga idahinduka n'agasanduku ka bateri n'ibindi. Ugereranyije n'amatara yo ku muhanda yagabanijwemo imirasire y'izuba, igiciro kiri hasi cyane.
Dukurikije isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru, dushobora kumenya amakuru amwe n'amwe.
Amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba akoreshwa cyane cyane ahantu hakenera amatara menshi nko mu mihanda minini no mu mihanda minini; amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba ashobora gukoreshwa mu mihanda, mu baturage, mu nganda, mu byaro, mu mihanda yo mu turere, mu mihanda yo mu midugudu n'ahandi.
Kubungabunga amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba biragoye cyane. Iyo habayeho kwangirika, uwakoze amatara agomba kohereza abatekinisiye mu gace k'iwabo kugira ngo bayasane. Mu gihe cyo kuyasana, ni ngombwa gukemura ikibazo cya bateri, panels za photovoltaic, imitwe y'amatara ya LED, insinga, nibindi kimwe kimwe. Kuramo umutwe w'amatara hanyuma wohereze mu ruganda.
Igiciro cy'amatara yo ku muhanda atandukanyijwe kirahenze kurusha amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba, muri rusange gihenze cyane hagati ya 40% na 60%.
Amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba n'amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba yombi afite ibyiza n'ibibi byayo. Abakoresha bashaka kugura amatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izuba bashobora guhitamo ayababereye bitewe n'ibyo bakeneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2023