Ingufu z'izuba zizwi kandi nka photovoltaic panel ni igikoresho gifata imirasire y'izuba kigahindura ingufu z'izuba mo amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Ingufu z'izuba zigizwe n'uturemangingo twinshi tw'izuba (uturemangingo tw'izuba). Imikorere myiza y'uturemangingo tw'izuba iterwa neza n'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'izuba.
Module ya photovoltaic igizwe n'uturemangingo tw'izuba, ikirahure, EVA, urupapuro rw'inyuma n'umuyoboro. Sisitemu z'urumuri rw'izuba zigezweho zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline cyangwa imirasire y'izuba ya polycrystalline. Uturemangingo tw'izuba twa monocrystalline turakora neza cyane kuko dukorwa muri kristu imwe ya silicon kandi uturemangingo twinshi twa silicon dushongeshwa hamwe kugira ngo hakorwe uturemangingo twa polycrystalline. Hari uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa mu gukora imirasire y'izuba.
Gukora paneli zikoresha imirasire y'izuba
Hari ibice 5 byiganjemo imirasire y'izuba.
Uturemangingo tw'izuba
Hari ibintu byinshi byifashishwa mu gukora uturemangingo tw’izuba. Uduce twa silikoni iyo duhinduwe uturemangingo tw’izuba dushobora guhindura ingufu z’izuba mo amashanyarazi. Buri turemangingo tw’izuba dufite uturemangingo twa silikoni dufite ubwiza (boron) n’ububi (phosphore). Itara ry’izuba risanzwe rigizwe n’uturemangingo tw’izuba turi hagati ya 60 na 72.
Ikirahure
Ikirahure gikonjeshejwe gikoreshwa mu kurinda uturemangingo twa PV kandi ubusanzwe ikirahure kiba gifite ubugari bwa mm 3 kugeza kuri 4. Ikirahure cy'imbere kirinda uturemangingo ubushyuhe bukabije kandi cyagenewe kurwanya ingaruka z'imyanda yo mu kirere. Ikirahure gikonjeshwa cyane kizwiho kuba gifite icyuma gito gifasha kongera imikorere y'imirasire y'izuba kandi gifite agapira karinda urumuri kugira ngo rwongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza urumuri.
Urufunguzo rwa aluminiyumu
Urufunguzo rwa aluminiyumu rukoreshwa mu kurinda inkombe za laminate zicumbikiye utwuma. Ibi bitanga imiterere ikomeye yo gushyiramo panneau y'izuba mu mwanya wayo. Urufunguzo rwa aluminiyumu rwagenewe kuba rworoshye kandi rushobora kwihanganira imitwaro ya mekanike n'ikirere kibi. Urufunguzo ubusanzwe ni ifeza cyangwa umukara wa anodized kandi impande zifatwa n'udupira cyangwa ibyuma bifunga.
Filime za EVA zishyirwa ku murongo
Uduce twa ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) dukoreshwa mu gufunga uturemangingo tw’izuba no kuduteranya mu gihe cyo gukora. Uru ni utwenda duto cyane kandi dukomeye kandi twihanganira ubushuhe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikabije. Uduce twa ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) tugira uruhare runini mu gukumira ubushuhe n’umwanda.
Impande zombi z'uturemangingo tw'izuba zirimo ibyuma bya EVA kugira ngo bifashe mu gutitira no kurinda insinga zihuza hamwe n'uturemangingo ingaruka zitunguranye n'imitingito.
Agasanduku k'imbuga
Agasanduku k’imigozi gakoreshwa mu gufatanya neza insinga zihuza amapaneli. Aka ni agace gato gakingira ikirere gafite kandi diode zinyuramo. Agasanduku k’imigozi gaherereye inyuma y’agasanduku kandi niho uturemangingo twose duhurira, bityo rero, ni ngombwa kurinda aka gace ko hagati ubushuhe n’umwanda.
Ubusanzwe, panneaux solaires zimara imyaka 25 kugeza kuri 30 kandi imikorere yazo igabanuka uko igihe kigenda. Ariko, ntizihagarika gukora mu mpera z'igihe cy'ubuzima; zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi umusaruro w'ingufu ugabanuka bitewe n'uko abakora babona ko ari ingano nini. Imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ituma panneaux solaires zimara igihe kirekire ni uko zitagira ibice byimuka. Igihe cyose zitangiritse ku mubiri bitewe n'ibintu biturutse hanze, panneaux solaires zishobora gukomeza gukora mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Igipimo cyo kwangirika kwa panneaux solaire nacyo giterwa n'ikirango cya panneaux kandi uko ikoranabuhanga rya panneaux solaire rigenda rirushaho kuba ryiza uko imyaka igenda ihita, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwabyo kiriyongera.
Mu mibare, igihe cy'izuba rimara ni igipimo cy'ijanisha ry'ingufu zitangwa mu myaka myinshi ugereranije n'ingufu zitangwa n'izuba. Abakora imirasire y'izuba babara igihombo cya 0.8% ku mwaka. Imirasire y'izuba biteganijwe ko izakora nibura 80% by'ingufu zitangwa kugira ngo ikore neza. Urugero, kugira ngo imirasire y'izuba ya Watt 100 ikore neza, igomba gukora nibura Watt 80. Kugira ngo tumenye uko imirasire y'izuba yawe izakora nyuma y'imyaka runaka, tugomba kumenya igipimo cy'ingufu zitangwa n'izuba. Ugereranyije igipimo cyo kwangirika ni 1% buri mwaka.
Igihe cyo kwishyura ingufu (EPBT) ni igihe icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gitanga ingufu zihagije zo kwishyura ingufu zakoreshejwe mu gukora icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba, kandi igihe cyo kumara icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gikunze kuba kirekire kurusha EPBT yacyo. Igice gikoresha imirasire y'izuba gifashwe neza gishobora gutuma habaho igipimo gito cyo kwangirika no kunoza imikorere y'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Kwangirika kw'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ingaruka za mekanike bigira ingaruka ku bice by'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Gusuzuma buri gihe icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo nk'insinga zangiritse n'ibindi bintu bihangayikishije kugira ngo icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba kirambe igihe kirekire. Gukuraho icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba ku myanda, ivumbi, amazi ava mu mazi n'urubura bishobora kongera imikorere y'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Kuziba imirasire y'izuba n'imivurungano cyangwa ibindi byangiritse ku gice bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Igipimo cyo kwangirika kiri hasi cyane iyo hari ikirere kiri hagati.
Imikorere yaamatara yo ku muhanda akoresha imirasire y'izubaahanini biterwa n'ubushobozi bw'izuba ikoresha. Kubera ko abantu benshi n'ibigo bishora imari mu ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ni ibisanzwe kwitega ko igice cy'ingenzi kandi gihenze cyane cy'urumuri rw'izuba rwo ku muhanda kizaramba kandi gikwiye amafaranga. Izuba rikoreshwa cyane ubu ni izuba rya monocrystalline na polycrystalline, byombi bifite igihe kingana hafi kimwe. Nyamara, igipimo cyo kwangirika kw'izuba rya polycrystalline kiri hejuru gato ugereranyije n'izuba rya monocrystalline. Niba izuba ritacitse kandi rigatanga amashanyarazi ahagije ajyanye n'ibyo ukeneye, nta mpamvu yo gusimbuza izuba nubwo ryaba rimaze igihe cyaryo cy'ingwate.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto, Zenith Lighting ni uruganda rw’umwuga rukora amatara y’izuba y’ubwoko bwose n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa umushinga, nyamuneka ntutindiganye kubikora. Twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-22-2023