Iphaneli yelanga eyaziwa ngokuba yiphaneli ye-photovoltaic sisixhobo esifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga size siguqule amandla elanga abe ngumbane osebenzisekayo. Iiphaneli zelanga zenziwe ziiseli ezahlukeneyo zelanga (iiseli ze-photovoltaic). Ukusebenza kakuhle kwephaneli yelanga kuxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwinani leeseli zelanga.
Imodyuli ye-photovoltaic yenziwe ngeeseli zelanga, iglasi, i-EVA, ishiti yangasemva kunye nefreyimu. Iinkqubo zokukhanya kwelanga zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iiphaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline okanye iiphaneli zelanga ze-polycrystalline. Iiseli zelanga ze-monocrystalline zisebenza kakuhle njengoko zenziwe ngekristale enye ye-silicon kwaye iikristale ezininzi ze-silicon ziyanyibilikiswa kunye ukwenza iiseli ze-polycrystalline. Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo ekwenzeni iiphaneli zelanga.
Ukuvelisa iiphaneli zelanga
Kukho izinto ezi-5 ikakhulu kwiphaneli yelanga.
Iiseli zelanga
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni iiseli zelanga. Ii-silicon wafers xa ziguqulwe zaba ziiseli zelanga ziyakwazi ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane. Iseli nganye yelanga ine-silicon wafer etshajiweyo kakuhle (i-boron) kunye ne-negative (i-phosphorus). Iphaneli yelanga eqhelekileyo inamaseli elanga angama-60 ukuya kuma-72.
Iglasi
Iglasi eqinisiweyo eqinisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iiseli ze-PV kwaye iglasi idla ngokuba nobukhulu obuyi-3 ukuya kwi-4 mm. Iglasi engaphambili ikhusela iiseli kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye yenzelwe ukumelana nokuchaphazeleka yimfucuza esemoyeni. Iiglasi ezithwala kakhulu ezidume ngomthamo wazo wesinyithi esincinci zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli zelanga kwaye zinophawu oluchasene nokukhanya ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya.
Isakhelo se-aluminiyam
Isakhelo se-aluminiyam esikhutshwe ngaphandle sisetyenziselwa ukukhusela umphetho we-laminate egcina iiseli. Oku kunika isakhiwo esiqinileyo sokufaka iphaneli yelanga kwindawo yayo. Isakhelo se-aluminiyam senzelwe ukuba sibe lula kwaye sikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yoomatshini kunye nemozulu embi. Isakhelo sidla ngokuba sisilivere okanye simnyama kwaye iikona ziqiniswe ngokucinezela okanye ngezikrufu okanye iikliphu.
Iileya zefilimu ye-EVA
Iileya ze-ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) zisetyenziselwa ukugquma iiseli zelanga nokuzibamba kunye ngexesha lokwenziwa. Olu luleya olucacileyo kakhulu oluhlala ixesha elide nolunyamezela ukufuma kunye notshintsho olukhulu lwemozulu. Iileya ze-EVA zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukufuma kunye nokungena kokungcola.
Omabini amacala eeseli zelanga agqunywe ngee-laminated ngee-layers zefilimu ye-EVA ukuze kubonelelwe ngokufunxwa komothuko nokukhusela iintambo ezidibanisayo kunye neeseli kwimpembelelo ekhawulezileyo kunye nokungcangcazela.
Ibhokisi ye-junction
Ibhokisi yokudibanisa isetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela ngokukhuselekileyo iintambo ezidibanisa iiphaneli. Le yindawo encinci ebiyelweyo ekwaziyo ukumelana nemozulu ekwagcina ii-bypass diodes. Ibhokisi yokudibanisa ikwindawo engasemva kwephaneli kwaye kulapho zonke iiseli zidibana khona, ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukukhusela le ndawo iphambili kumswakama kunye nokungcola.
Iiphaneli zelanga zihlala iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kuyancitshiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, aziyeki ukusebenza ekupheleni kwexesha elibizwa ngokuba bubomi; ziyancipha kancinci kancinci kwaye imveliso yamandla iyancitshiswa yinto abavelisi abayithatha njengenani elikhulu. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba iiphaneli zelanga zinobomi obude kangaka kukuba azinazo iindawo ezihambayo. Logama nje zingonakaliswanga ngokomzimba zizinto zangaphandle, iiphaneli zelanga zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza amashumi eminyaka. Izinga lokuwohloka kweephaneli zelanga lixhomekeke kuphawu lwephaneli kwaye njengoko iteknoloji yeephaneli zelanga iphucuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amazinga okuwohloka ayaphucuka.
Ngokwezibalo, ubomi bephaneli yelanga bumlinganiselo wepesenti yamandla aveliswayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo xa kuthelekiswa namandla alinganisiweyo ephaneli yelanga. Abavelisi abavelisa iiphaneli zelanga babala malunga ne-0.8% yokulahleka kokusebenza kakuhle ngonyaka. Iiphaneli zelanga kulindeleke ukuba zivelise ubuncinane i-80% yamandla alinganisiweyo ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuze iphaneli yelanga ye-100 Watt isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ivelise ubuncinane i-80 Watt. Ukuze sazi ukuba iphaneli yakho yelanga iza kusebenza njani emva kweminyaka ethile, kufuneka sazi izinga lokuwohloka kwephaneli yelanga. Ngokomyinge izinga lokuwohloka yi-1% ngonyaka.
Ixesha lokubuyisela amandla (EPBT) lixesha apho iphaneli yelanga ivelisa amandla aneleyo okubuyisela amandla asetyenzisiweyo ukwenza iphaneli kwaye ubomi bephaneli yelanga buhlala bude kune-EPBT yayo. Iphaneli yelanga egcinwe kakuhle inokukhokelela kwizinga eliphantsi lokubola kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwephaneli. Ukubola kwephaneli yelanga kunokubangelwa luxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nefuthe loomatshini elichaphazela iindawo zephaneli yelanga. Ukujonga rhoqo iiphaneli kunokutyhila imiba efana neengcingo eziveziweyo kunye nezinye iindawo ezixhalabisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiphaneli zelanga zihlala ixesha elide. Ukususa iiphaneli kwinkunkuma, uthuli, ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nekhephu kunokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kweephaneli zelanga. Ukuvalwa kwelanga kunye nemikrwelo okanye nawuphi na omnye umonakalo kwiphaneli kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kweephaneli. Izinga lokubola liphantsi kakhulu kwimeko yemozulu ephakathi.
Ukusebenza kweisibane sesitalato selangaIxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwephaneli yelanga eyisebenzisayo. Njengoko abantu abaninzi kunye namashishini betyala imali kumandla elanga, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukulindela ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo neyona ibiza kakhulu yeyunithi yokukhanya kwesitalato yelanga ihlale ixesha elide kwaye ifanele imali yayo. Iiphaneli zelanga eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziiphaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline kunye ne-polycrystalline, zombini ezihlala ixesha elifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuwohloka kweephaneli zelanga ze-polycrystalline liphezulu kancinci kuneephaneli zelanga ze-monocrystalline. Ukuba iiphaneli aziphukanga kwaye ukuba zivelisa umbane owaneleyo kwiimfuno zakho, akukho mfuneko yokutshintsha iiphaneli zelanga nokuba emva kwexesha lazo lewaranti.
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso, iZenith Lighting ngumvelisi ochwephesha wezibane zelanga kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinxulumene noko, ukuba unemibuzo okanye iprojekthi, nceda ungathandabuzi ukukunceda. nxibelelana nathi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-22-2023