Iphaneli yelanga eyaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli ye-photovoltaic iyithuluzi elimunca ukukhanya kwelanga futhi liguqule amandla elanga abe ugesi ongasetshenziswa. Amaphaneli elanga akhiwa amaseli elanga amaningana (amaseli e-photovoltaic). Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kuncike ngqo enanini lamaseli elanga.
Imojula ye-photovoltaic yakhiwe ngamaseli elanga, ingilazi, i-EVA, ishidi langemuva kanye nohlaka. Izinhlelo zokukhanya kwelanga zanamuhla zisebenzisa amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline noma amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline. Amaseli elanga e-monocrystalline asebenza kahle kakhulu njengoba ekhiqizwa ngekristalu elilodwa le-silicon futhi amakristalu amaningana e-silicon ancibilikiswa ndawonye ukuze kudalwe amaseli e-polycrystalline. Kunezinqubo eziningi ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni amaphaneli elanga.
Ukukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga
Kunezingxenye ezi-5 ngokuyinhloko kuphaneli yelanga.
Amaseli elanga
Kunezingxenye eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amaseli elanga. Ama-silicon wafers uma eseguqulwe aba amaseli elanga ayakwazi ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi. Iseli ngalinye lelanga line-silicon wafer eshajeke kahle (i-boron) kanye ne-negative (i-phosphorus). Iphaneli yelanga evamile inamaseli elanga angama-60 kuya kwangu-72.
Ingilazi
Ingilazi eqinisiwe isetshenziselwa ukuvikela amaseli e-PV futhi ingilazi ivame ukuba nobukhulu obungu-3 kuya ku-4 mm. Ingilazi engaphambili ivikela amaseli emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi yenzelwe ukumelana nokushaywa yimfucumfucu esemoyeni. Ingilazi ezidlulisela kakhulu amandla ezaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwazo okuphansi kwensimbi zisiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga futhi zine-coating evimbela ukukhanya ukuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kokukhanya.
Uhlaka lwe-aluminiyamu
Uhlaka lwe-aluminium olukhishwe lusetshenziselwa ukuvikela unqenqema lwe-laminate oluhlala amaseli. Lokhu kunikeza isakhiwo esiqinile sokufaka iphaneli yelanga endaweni yalo. Uhlaka lwe-aluminium lwenzelwe ukuba lube lula futhi lukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yemishini kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Uhlaka luvame ukuba mnyama ngesiliva noma nge-anodized futhi amakhona aqiniswe ngokucindezela noma ngezikulufo noma ama-clamp.
Izendlalelo zefilimu ye-EVA
Izingqimba ze-ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) zisetshenziselwa ukumboza amaseli elanga futhi ziwabambe ndawonye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lolu ungqimba olubonakala kakhulu oluhlala isikhathi eside futhi olubekezelela umswakama kanye nezinguquko zesimo sezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Izingqimba ze-EVA zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni umswakama kanye nokungena kokungcola.
Zombili izinhlangothi zamaseli elanga zimbozwe ngezingqimba zefilimu ye-EVA ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukumuncwa kokushaqeka nokuvikela izintambo ezixhumanisayo namaseli ekushayweni kanye nokudlidliza okungazelelwe.
Ibhokisi lokuhlangana
Ibhokisi lokuxhumanisa lisetshenziselwa ukubopha ngokuphephile izintambo ezixhumanisa amaphaneli. Lena indawo encane ebiyelwe engangenisi manzi ephinde igcine ama-bypass diode. Ibhokisi lokuxhumanisa litholakala ngemuva kwephaneli futhi yilapho wonke amaseli ehlangana khona ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvikela leli phuzu eliphakathi emswakama nasekungcoleni.
Amaphaneli elanga avame ukuhlala iminyaka engaba ngu-25 kuya kwengama-30 futhi ukusebenza kahle kuyancishiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, awayeki ukusebenza ekupheleni kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphila; ancipha kancane kancane futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuncipha yilokho abakhiqizi abakubheka njengenani elikhulu. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza amaphaneli elanga abe nesikhathi sokuphila eside kangaka ukuthi awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Uma nje engalimalanga ngokomzimba yinoma yiziphi izici zangaphandle, amaphaneli elanga angaqhubeka nokusebenza amashumi eminyaka. Izinga lokubola kwamaphaneli elanga lincike kumkhiqizo wamaphaneli futhi njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamaphaneli elanga buthuthuka ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amazinga okubola ayathuthuka.
Ngokwezibalo, isikhathi sokuphila kwephaneli yelanga siyindlela yokulinganisa iphesenti lamandla akhiqizwa eminyakeni edlule ngokumelene namandla alinganisiwe ephaneli yelanga. Abakhiqizi abakhiqiza amaphaneli elanga babala cishe ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kahle okungu-0.8% ngonyaka. Amaphaneli elanga kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqize okungenani u-80% wamandla alinganisiwe ukuze asebenze kahle. Isibonelo, ukuze iphaneli yelanga engu-100 Watt isebenze kahle, idinga ukukhiqiza okungenani u-80 Watt. Ukuze sazi ukuthi iphaneli yakho yelanga izosebenza kanjani ngemva kweminyaka ethile, sidinga ukwazi izinga lokuwohloka kwephaneli yelanga. Ngokwesilinganiso izinga lokuwohloka lingu-1% njalo ngonyaka.
Isikhathi sokubuyisela amandla (i-EPBT) yisikhathi lapho iphaneli yelanga ikhiqiza amandla anele okubuyisela amandla asetshenziswa ukukhiqiza iphaneli futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwephaneli yelanga sivame ukuba side kune-EPBT yaso. Iphaneli yelanga enakekelwe kahle ingaholela esilinganisweni esiphansi sokuwohloka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwephaneli. Ukuwohloka kwephaneli yelanga kungabangelwa ukucindezeleka kokushisa kanye nomthelela wemishini othinta izingxenye zamaphaneli elanga. Ukuhlola amaphaneli njalo kungaveza izinkinga ezifana nezintambo eziveziwe kanye nezinye izindawo ezikhathazayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphaneli elanga ahlala isikhathi eside. Ukususa amaphaneli kudoti, uthuli, ukuvuza kwamanzi kanye neqhwa kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga. Ukuvimba ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokuklwebheka noma yimuphi omunye umonakalo kuphaneli kungathinta ukusebenza kwamaphaneli. Izinga lokuwohloka liphansi kakhulu esimweni sezulu esimaphakathi.
Ukusebenza kwe-isibani somgwaqo selangaKuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwephaneli yelanga eliyisebenzisayo. Njengoba abantu abaningi kanye namabhizinisi betshala imali emandleni elanga, kungokwemvelo ukulindela ukuthi ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu nebiza kakhulu yeyunithi yokukhanya komgwaqo welanga iqine futhi ifanele imali yayo. Amaphaneli elanga avame ukusetshenziswa manje amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline kanye ne-polycrystalline, womabili aphila impilo efanayo. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokuwohloka kwamaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline liphakeme kancane kunephaneli yelanga e-monocrystalline. Uma amaphaneli engaphukile futhi uma ekhiqiza ugesi owanele izidingo zakho, asikho isidingo sokushintsha amaphaneli elanga ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi sawo sewaranti.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, i-Zenith Lighting ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wazo zonke izinhlobo zezibani zelanga neminye imikhiqizo ehlobene nayo, uma unemibuzo noma iphrojekthi, sicela ungangabazi ukuyiphendula. xhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-22-2023