Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ziya ngokuya zivamile ezimpilweni zethu. Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ziyizinto zokukhanyisa zangaphandle ezisebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga njengomthombo wamandla. Asikho isidingo sokumba amapayipi nokufaka izintambo, okusindisa izindleko zikagesi. Amaphaneli elanga amunca amandla elanga emini, futhi amandla okukhanya aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi, abese egcinwa yibhethri elishajekayo. Ebusuku, ibhethri linikeza amandla kagesi ukuze umthombo wokukhanya ukhanyise amadolobha nezindawo zasemakhaya. Ngakho-ke kwenziwa kanjaniizibani zomgwaqo zelangaukuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ukuze kugcinwe? Kule nqubo, yiziphi izimo ezihilelekile? Ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe.
1. Umgomo wokusebenza kwamaphaneli elanga
Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zingakhiqiza ugesi ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-photovoltaic wezinto ze-semiconductor, ezingaguqula imisebe yokukhanya kwelanga ibe amandla kagesi. Amaphaneli elanga akhiwe ngama-semiconductor amabili ahlukene, uhlobo lwe-N nohlobo lwe-P. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwawo kubizwa ngokuthi i-PN junction. Lapho iphaneli yelanga ithola ukukhanya, kule junction ye-PN, ama-electron akhishwa ngenxa yamandla okukhanya, futhi kukhiqizwa ama-electron-hole pair ahambisanayo. Izimbobo ze-semiconductor yohlobo lwe-N zizothuthela kuhlobo lwe-P, futhi ama-electron esifundeni sohlobo lwe-P azokhohlwa ukunyakaza kwesifunda sohlobo lwe-N, akhe ugesi ovela esifundeni sohlobo lwe-N uye esifundeni sohlobo lwe-P. Lapho isekethe yangaphandle ixhunyiwe, kuzoba nogesi ophumayo.
2. ukucushwa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okukhanya komgwaqo welanga
Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zakhiwe kakhulu ngamaphaneli elanga, izilawuli, amabhethri nezinye izesekeli. Ngakho-ke lezi zesekeli zidlala yiphi indima enqubweni yokukhanyisa emgwaqweni?
Iphaneli yelanga
Iphaneli yelanga iyisici esiyinhloko sesibani somgwaqo, futhi umsebenzi walo ukuguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi, bese uwathumela ebhethri lokugcina ukuze agcinwe, okuyinto elula ukukhanyisa ebusuku noma ukukhuthaza umsebenzi womthwalo.
Ibhethri
Amabhethri e-lead-acid ayevame ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule, kodwa manje athathelwa indawo kancane kancane ngamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate. Ibhethri lokugcina lidinga ukugcina amandla elanga amuncwa amaphaneli elanga emini ngangokunokwenzeka ngesisekelo sokwanelisa ukukhanya ebusuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele likwazi ukugcina amandla kagesi angahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanya zezinsuku zemvula eziqhubekayo ebusuku. Umthamo webhethri mncane kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhanya ebusuku, umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, ibhethri lizohlala lisesimweni sokulahlekelwa amandla, lithinte impilo yesevisi, futhi libangele imfucuza. Ngakho-ke, lapho sihlela izibani zomgwaqo zelanga, kumele sizilungiselele ngokwezimo zangempela zokusetshenziswa kanye nesimo sezulu sendawo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhanya zabasebenzisi.
Isilawuli
Igama eliphelele yisilawuli sokushaja nokukhipha amandla elanga, futhi singaqonda umsebenzi waso kuleli gama. Isilawuli sisetshenziselwa ukulawula isimo sokusebenza salo lonke.uhlelo lokukhanya komgwaqo welanga. Iphinde idlale indima ekuvikeleni ibhethri ekushajeni ngokweqile nasekukhipheni ngokweqile. Ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngqo impilo yokusebenza kwezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga, ikakhulukazi impilo yokusebenza kwamabhethri. Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya iphaneli yelanga, iphaneli yelanga izoshaja ibhethri. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilawuli sizobona ngokuzenzakalelayo i-voltage yokushaja, kanye ne-voltage yokuphuma esibanini selanga, ukuze ukukhanya komgwaqo welanga kukhanye.
Kalula nje, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zimunca amandla elanga ngamaphaneli elanga, ziwagcine ebhethrini, bese isilawuli sikhipha imiyalo ebhethrini ukuze sinikeze amandla ezibani zasemgwaqweni. Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zigcina amandla, zinobungani nemvelo, ziphephile futhi zilula, futhi zingaletha izinzuzo zesikhathi eside. Uma unemibuzo eminingi mayelana nezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga, zizwe ukhululekile ukuxhumana nathi.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, i-Zenith Lighting ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wazo zonke izinhlobo zezibani zasemgwaqweni, uma unemibuzo noma iphrojekthi, sicela ungangabazi ukuxhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-19-2023